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Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. This guide describes the Microsoft best practices approach for estimating scalability and capacity for Print Server in Windows Server R2 or Windows Server It provides an in-depth description of the contributing factors that affect the scalability and performance of Print Server, such as the hardware specifications, network latency, and the content of the print job, and it includes best practices and recommendations for deploying this solution correctly.
This guide is intended for readers including administrators and architects who are responsible for creating the architecture and design of Print Server within the enterprise. It assumes that the reader has knowledge of Print Server, Windows Server R2 and Windows Server , and related Microsoft products and technologies.
The following contributing factors are presented in order from those that have the greatest, to those that have the least, effect on the scalability and performance of Print Server. The number of clients that are connected to a print server can causes a large drain on system resources. System resources are allocated and ready for use immediately when a connection is established between the client and the server.
The connection to a Print Server is established each time a client invokes spooler activity, such as when querying for status or submitting a print job.
Depending on the application that the client uses to establish the connection to the print server, and then to print, the client may inadvertently hold connections open, for example, when the user does not terminate the application on their workstation.
In this case, the connection might remain open for hours, or even days in extreme cases. In fact, a print server can become constrained either due to the number of clients that are connected actively when printing, or passively when the client holds the connection open. Administrators generally find that the total number of users connected to a print server shows light activity at beginning of the workday, an increasing server load and peak during midday, and a gradual decrease at the end of the day.
Print Server in Windows Server R2 or Windows Server can be configured to render documents to the device-ready page description language PDL format either on the client or on the server. In client-side rendering, the print system on the client translates the document to a printer-specific PDL before it sends the data stream to the print server.
When the queue is configured to use server-side rendering, or the client is not capable of using client-side rendering, the client print system sends the document directly to Print Server. Print Server then renders the document to a printer-specific PDL locally. Depending on the enterprise ecosystem and the mixture of supported clients, the performance of Print Server might vary due to its feature capabilities.
For example, in an environment that uses Windows 7 clients and v4 printer drivers on the printing shared resource, server-side rendering is used. Effectively, every print job that is generated by these clients requires processing on the server. Therefore, when there are more simultaneous jobs, the workload on the server increases. As another example, if Branch Office Direct Printing is turned on in Windows Server , and there is a heavy mixture of Windows 8 clients, performance is improved.
Windows 8 performs client-side rendering that offloads the processing to the client instead of to the server. Then it routes the job directly to printer, instead of passing it through a centralized print server, which reduces network traffic.
The default rendering options that are used by Windows Server R2 and Windows Server are described in the following table. Because of the various advantages of the v4 printer driver, administrators are encouraged to promote a client mixture that uses Windows 8. In situations where the enterprise has a large number of Windows 7 users, the effect of server-side rendering could require additional benchmarking to ensure acceptable performance. For client devices that run on ARM processor architecture, we encourage the use of v4 printer drivers to take advantage of the various benefits of the Print and Document Services architecture.
For more information, see Print and Document Services Architecture. In Windows 8 and Windows Server , Microsoft introduced a new iteration of the printer driver model, called the v4 printer driver. This driver model addresses gaps in the previous version and it offers a wide range of advantages. Because the v4 printer driver model has fewer components that cause heavy server processing, there is a lower server load when a v4 printer driver is used with Windows 8.
Because Windows 7 clients always use server-side rendering with the v4 printer drivers, more processing occurs on the server. For more information, see V4 Printer Driver. When server-side rendering is used, the server handles the conversion of the job to device-ready PDL. The amount of processing for each print job is hard to predict because it depends on the content of each print job.
For complex jobs, such as documents with extensive graphics, documents in PDF format, or documents with multiple types of fonts, more CPU processing is required, as compared to a simple text document. If client-side rendering is used, the processing occurs on the client-side, and it does not present additional workload to the server. Given the computing capabilities of devices in the market, we recommend using the client-side rendering configuration when possible.
They require fewer resources than a printer that uses a low-end raster-based image editor. High-end printers generally have built-in hard disk drives and memory. This allows them to process a print job without a protracted spooling process and the associated disk utilization. In contrast, less expensive printers generally have less processing power and internal memory, and they require more processing and disk space on the print server.
The network bandwidth and storage for Print Server can be affected by printing related factors including the number, size, and frequency of print jobs. For example, using Print Server with high-frequency smaller jobs has a different storage requirement than using Print Server with large print jobs. If Print Server is configured to save print jobs after printing, additional storage is required and this requirement needs to be considered for the deployment.
As with any computing environment, more cores on a processor and more memory enables more computing output. Depending on enterprise requirement and the budget that is available, this is an important factor that administrators should consider when making decisions about deployment. With the trend toward server consolidation using virtualization, it is common to see print servers running in a virtualization environment.
Although there is no functional difference between a print server on a virtual machine and a physical print server, there can be a significant difference in the scalability factor based on the hardware requirements and specifications. Performance needs to be evaluated based on the allocated number of cores and memory. On physical print servers, the print job offloads processing to the GPU to expedite completion when it uses a v4 printer driver and supports the XPS rasterization service.
On virtual machines, this behavior does not occur due to the absence of a GPU. To verify if a particular v4 printer driver supports the XPS rasterization service, administrators can check the manifest file for the driver package.
Specifically, you need to check the filter pipeline configuration XML file. For more information, see Filter Pipeline Configuration File. You might also review the details on the XPS rasterization service usage tree. Administrators can also add failover clustering to their print service by using the standard clustering strategy. For more information, see:. Depending on the state of Print Server, excessive page fault can occur due to memory paging during high print activities.
To minimize this issue, we recommend that administrators store the print spool folder on a drive that is separate from the drive that hosts the operating system and page files.
Some non-Microsoft software can affect server scalability. For example, if Print Server uses a non-Microsoft accounting package that runs as a system service and tracks print usage information, it would likely consume CPU.
Non-Microsoft port monitors may provide similar effects. Depending on their implementation and interaction with the system, this type of software could create additional workload that reduces performance. Because there are many factors that affect the sizing of a print server, the best way to effectively estimate server size is to monitor performance for an existing print server over a period of time in order to identify bottlenecks, and to understand the investment.
Because the server load varies over the course of a day or week, we recommend monitoring the print server for at least a day to identify peak resource utilization. This section describes some of the performance counters that are useful for print server analysis. For a complete list of all performance counters, see Using Performance Monitor.
Total number of calls from other print servers to add shared network printers to this server since the last restart. Number of bytes printed per second in the print queue. This provides a rough indication of the extent of time that the printer is busy. This counter can be used for bottleneck detection. Total number of calls received from clients to this print server to request network browse lists since the last restart.
Total number of job errors in a print queue since the last restart. Job errors can occur if the connection to the printer has errors due to network issues. Maximum number of spooling jobs incoming or incomplete in a print queue since the last restart. Current number of references to a print queue. A reference can be a user or a program that is connecting to a printer and opening a print queue. Total number of jobs printed from a print queue since the last restart.
Note that the counter reports the total number of jobs spooled. In the event a job has not successfully despooled, it is still accounted for by using this counter. Total number of pages that have printed through the Graphics Device Interface GDI in a print queue since the last restart. Print jobs using the RAW data type are not included in this counter because they do not provide page-count data.
In addition, the print volume of a print job using the RAW data type is not captured by this counter. The RAW data type was used by earlier Windows operating systems clients to submit print jobs. The process-specific counters for monitoring performance are described in the following table.
In addition, to monitor the performance of a Print Server operation, check the following processes, since they provide the most useful information regarding print activities:. The percentage of elapsed time that all process threads use to run instructions. An instruction is the basic unit of run time for a computer, a thread is the object that runs instructions, and a process is the object that is created when a program is run.
This count includes code that is run to handle some hardware interrupts and trap conditions. The total number of handles that are currently open by this process. This number is equal to the sum of the handles that are currently open by each thread in this process. The current size of the virtual address space for the process in bytes. Use of virtual address space does not necessarily imply a corresponding use of disk space or main memory pages. However, virtual address space is finite, and the process can limit the ability of the virtual space to load libraries when it uses too much of it.
The maximum size of virtual address space that the process has used at any one time in bytes. Use of virtual address space does not necessarily imply corresponding use of disk space or main memory pages. The size of the paged pool in bytes.
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All PCs and servers on your network emit heat but there is a limit to the amount of heat a computer can withstand before damage is done to hardware. Monitoring the temperature allows you to identify when hardware devices are overheating and gives you a chance to fix the problem before any damage is done to the device — which is vitally important for network troubleshooting. We analyzed the following features of each tool:.
Network devices rarely include mechanisms to measure temperature. However, heat is usually only generated by these devices when they get overworked and the electronic elements that will create heat when overloaded are the CPU and the interfaces. The CPU Load Monitor starts its service by searching the network for all connected devices and lists them in an inventory.
Once that autodiscovery phase has been completed, each listed device will automatically be monitored and one of the tracked factors in the CPU load. The CPU load monitor also records interface statistics and memory utilization, so all of the elements inside a network device that could overheat are watched by the CPU Load Monitor.
The monitor automatically sets threshold levels on all of the performance statuses that it tracks. These can be adjusted manually. This alert is shown on the dashboard and is also sent out to key personnel as an email or SMS message.
The threshold levels should be set so that the warning gives staff enough time to take preventative measures before any physical damage or performance impairment occurs. You can monitor multiple routers concurrently and set warnings and alarm thresholds with ease.
One of the best options available today.. Download: Get day Free Trial. Paessler PRTG is an all-in-one infrastructure monitor that covers networks, servers, and applications. When looking for a temperature monitor, there are several different systems that you could choose. The PRTG service is a bundle of sensors and every customer gets shipped the full set. When starting up the software, the systems device manager has to decide which sensors to turn on and so is able to tailor the system to adjust the necessary monitors.
The PRTG package of sensors includes several monitors that can pick up temperature information either from servers or network devices. However, not every hardware provider implements procedures to report on temperature by that method.
A sensor for Linux servers also monitors CPU performance managed by that operating system. PRTG has a total of nine different sensors that are capable of looking for temperature information gathered on servers and network devices. If none of your equipment has an actual thermometer inside, there is no way for any system monitor to collect temperature information. However, in those cases, monitoring CPU load on all devices acts as a proxy statistic for temperature statuses.
Paessler makes PRTG available on a day free trial. This is the full version of the monitoring system and you can activate all of the sensors you want during the trial period. Site24x7 is a cloud platform that offers bundles of monitoring services for both on-premises and cloud resources.
The Infrastructure package includes network, server, cloud resources, and log monitoring. One of the key metrics that the server monitoring section of this tool tracks is CPU utilization.
A great benefit of this package is that it enables you to monitor all of your resources with one subscription. The bundling of a range of monitoring services into one package is a great deal for small businesses because this ends up costing a lot less than buying separate monitoring systems for networks, logs, and servers.
These are industry-leading tools that big businesses use. The Server monitor shows CPU utilization as standard but all dashboards can be customized. Access a day free trial of Site24x7 Infrastructure.
HWMonitor is a hardware monitoring tool for Windows that monitors computer temperatures , voltages , and fans. The software monitors the hard drive and video card GPU temperature.
These metrics give you a strong indication of the overall health of a device. HWMonitor Pro adds remote monitoring , graph generation , and an improved user interface.
Next to each device you can view the Value , Min , and Max temperatures of hardware components. The list perspective makes it easier to monitor multiple devices at once. You can download the program for free.
Open Hardware Monitor is an open-source hardware monitoring solution that monitors the temperature , fan speed , load , voltage , and clock speed of computers. The tool supports common hardware chips meaning it can be deployed in a range of environments. The user interface displays the data pulled from temperature sensors in a list format — making it easy to find mission-critical devices and maintain them. Open Hardware Monitor is recommended for those users who want to use a low-cost, open-source temperature monitoring platform.
The software collects the data and then displays it on the screen so the user can take an accurate temperature reading. There are multiple add-ons available for Core Temp so the user can add additional capabilities. For example, the Core Temp Monitor app allows users to monitor devices on Windows and Android phones.
The Core Temp Grapher plug-in creates a visual display that creates a graph for each processor core showing load percentage and core temperature. For commercial use, you have to purchase a commercial license. You can request a quote from the company directly.
Download Core Temp for free. The user interface is easy to navigate and you can view in-depth performance data by clicking through the infrastructure hierarchy. Customizable alerts help to keep track of overheating and performance degradation. There are also add-ons you can use to augment the monitoring experience.
Atera is a cloud-based platform that includes all of the software that a managed service provider MSP needs to run its business. The remote monitoring and management RMM module of the system includes monitoring screens for networks, servers, endpoints, and applications. The home screen of the monitoring dashboard gives a system overview.
Atera employs an alert-based system that notifies an administrator if there is anything wrong on the monitored system. So, it is easy to spot problems at a glance. From the summary screen, the operator can click through to see details of individual pieces of equipment. The device, endpoint, or server monitoring screens include a range of statuses, including CPU performance data. These categories of feedback are all live and they include CPU temperature, utilization, and capacity.
Atera is a subscription service with a rate per technician per month. You can get a free trial to experience the platform for yourself. SpeedFan is a hardware monitor that monitors: temperature , fan speed , voltage , and hard disk temperatures. The software can also display S. T data from hard disks. With SpeedFan you can configure the program to change fan speeds remotely according to the system temperatures. For example, you can choose a minimum and maximum fan speed. However, if you want to engage with more complex configurations you can do so on the Advanced page.
Here you can offset inaccurate temperature readings and control fan speed. Similarly, if you want to view visual displays then you can do so through the Charts window. The Charts window displays performance charts that allow you to choose what metrics you want to monitor.
Simply enter the start and end time of your reading , what elements you want to monitor, and the values you want to see.
You can download the tool for free. AIDA64 Extreme is a device monitor that monitors temperature , voltage , fan speeds , and power. The user interface is simple with a SensorPanel where you can build a custom panel to monitor temperature data and other information. One feature that is particularly useful for enterprise users is external display support. Display support makes sure that you can see all of the information that you need.
The tool is useful for users who want a low maintenance temperature monitor. You can download the day free trial. Rainmeter is a free, open-source CPU temp monitor for Windows. There is a range of skins that make this possible. Skins are essentially small tools that you can customize the layout of. The user can create monitoring skins , use one of the starter packs or install a plugin. For example, the CoreTemp plugin allows the user to pull information from the CoreTemp application.
The advantage of doing this is that you can use skins to control how you see information on the screen. Skins are drag-and-drop so you can create a custom monitoring panel for better visibility.
Rainmeter is available from Windows 7 to Windows CPU temperature monitors make it easier to monitor the heat of an entire network of devices. Implementing regular hardware monitoring with CPU monitors will make sure your devices stay available year-round. It is much easier to install a monitoring tool.
A CPU temperature of 70 degrees Celsius is normal when the computer is very active. A high temperature implies that the CPU is not really idle, but has a heavy workload put on it by background tasks and services.
If the CPU monitor shows that this is not the case, then the high temperature could be a sign of a broken fan. If you have a graphics processing unit in your computer, you can see its temperature in the Task Manager of Windows There are many factors to be taken into account when working out what is an acceptable CPU temperature.
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